maven使用

1. 下载解压到指定目录，并设置环境变量M2_HOME，并把bin添加到PATH变量中。
2. 修改本地repo,修改maven-home/conf/settings.xml文件
   内容如下：

<!--
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    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

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"AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
specific language governing permissions and limitations
under the License.
-->

<!--
 | This is the configuration file for Maven. It can be specified at two levels:
 |
 |  1. User Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for a single user, 
 |                 and is normally provided in $HOME/.m2/settings.xml.
 |
 |                 NOTE: This location can be overridden with the system property:
 |
 |                 -Dorg.apache.maven.user-settings=/path/to/user/settings.xml
 |
 |  2. Global Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for all maven
 |                 users on a machine (assuming they're all using the same maven
 |                 installation). It's normally provided in 
 |                 ${maven.home}/conf/settings.xml.
 |
 |                 NOTE: This location can be overridden with the system property:
 |
 |                 -Dorg.apache.maven.global-settings=/path/to/global/settings.xml
 |
 | The sections in this sample file are intended to give you a running start at
 | getting the most out of your Maven installation. Where appropriate, the default
 | values (values used when the setting is not specified) are provided.
 |
 |-->
<settings>
  <!-- localRepository
   | The path to the local repository maven will use to store artifacts.
   |
   | Default: ~/.m2/repository
   -->
  <localRepository>D:\installed\maven-2.0.7\repository</localRepository>
  

  <!-- interactiveMode
   | This will determine whether maven prompts you when it needs input. If set to false,
   | maven will use a sensible default value, perhaps based on some other setting, for
   | the parameter in question.
   |
   | Default: true
  <interactiveMode>true</interactiveMode>
  -->

  <!-- offline
   | Determines whether maven should attempt to connect to the network when executing a build.
   | This will have an effect on artifact downloads, artifact deployment, and others.
   |
   | Default: false
  <offline>false</offline>
  -->

  <!-- proxies
   | This is a list of proxies which can be used on this machine to connect to the network.
   | Unless otherwise specified (by system property or command-line switch), the first proxy
   | specification in this list marked as active will be used.
   |-->
  <proxies>
    <!-- proxy
     | Specification for one proxy, to be used in connecting to the network.
     |
    <proxy>
      <id>optional</id>
      <active>true</active>
      <protocol>http</protocol>
      <username>proxyuser</username>
      <password>proxypass</password>
      <host>proxy.host.net</host>
      <port>80</port>
      <nonProxyHosts>local.net,some.host.com</nonProxyHosts>
    </proxy>
    -->
  </proxies>

  <!-- servers
   | This is a list of authentication profiles, keyed by the server-id used within the system.
   | Authentication profiles can be used whenever maven must make a connection to a remote server.
   |-->
  <servers>
    <!-- server
     | Specifies the authentication information to use when connecting to a particular server, identified by
     | a unique name within the system (referred to by the 'id' attribute below).
     | 
     | NOTE: You should either specify username/password OR privateKey/passphrase, since these pairings are 
     |       used together.
     |
    <server>
      <id>deploymentRepo</id>
      <username>repouser</username>
      <password>repopwd</password>
    </server>
    -->
    
    <!-- Another sample, using keys to authenticate.
    <server>
      <id>siteServer</id>
      <privateKey>/path/to/private/key</privateKey>
      <passphrase>optional; leave empty if not used.</passphrase>
    </server>
    -->
  </servers>

  <!-- mirrors
   | This is a list of mirrors to be used in downloading artifacts from remote repositories.
   | 
   | It works like this: a POM may declare a repository to use in resolving certain artifacts.
   | However, this repository may have problems with heavy traffic at times, so people have mirrored
   | it to several places.
   |
   | That repository definition will have a unique id, so we can create a mirror reference for that
   | repository, to be used as an alternate download site. The mirror site will be the preferred 
   | server for that repository.
   |-->
  <mirrors>
    <!-- mirror
     | Specifies a repository mirror site to use instead of a given repository. The repository that
     | this mirror serves has an ID that matches the mirrorOf element of this mirror. IDs are used
     | for inheritance and direct lookup purposes, and must be unique across the set of mirrors.
     |
    <mirror>
      <id>mirrorId</id>
      <mirrorOf>repositoryId</mirrorOf>
      <name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name>
      <url>http://my.repository.com/repo/path</url>
    </mirror>
     -->
  </mirrors>
  
  <!-- profiles
   | This is a list of profiles which can be activated in a variety of ways, and which can modify
   | the build process. Profiles provided in the settings.xml are intended to provide local machine-
   | specific paths and repository locations which allow the build to work in the local environment.
   |
   | For example, if you have an integration testing plugin - like cactus - that needs to know where
   | your Tomcat instance is installed, you can provide a variable here such that the variable is 
   | dereferenced during the build process to configure the cactus plugin.
   |
   | As noted above, profiles can be activated in a variety of ways. One way - the activeProfiles
   | section of this document (settings.xml) - will be discussed later. Another way essentially
   | relies on the detection of a system property, either matching a particular value for the property,
   | or merely testing its existence. Profiles can also be activated by JDK version prefix, where a 
   | value of '1.4' might activate a profile when the build is executed on a JDK version of '1.4.2_07'.
   | Finally, the list of active profiles can be specified directly from the command line.
   |
   | NOTE: For profiles defined in the settings.xml, you are restricted to specifying only artifact
   |       repositories, plugin repositories, and free-form properties to be used as configuration
   |       variables for plugins in the POM.
   |
   |-->
  <profiles>
    <!-- profile
     | Specifies a set of introductions to the build process, to be activated using one or more of the
     | mechanisms described above. For inheritance purposes, and to activate profiles via <activatedProfiles/>
     | or the command line, profiles have to have an ID that is unique.
     |
     | An encouraged best practice for profile identification is to use a consistent naming convention
     | for profiles, such as 'env-dev', 'env-test', 'env-production', 'user-jdcasey', 'user-brett', etc.
     | This will make it more intuitive to understand what the set of introduced profiles is attempting
     | to accomplish, particularly when you only have a list of profile id's for debug.
     |
     | This profile example uses the JDK version to trigger activation, and provides a JDK-specific repo.
    <profile>
      <id>jdk-1.4</id>

      <activation>
        <jdk>1.4</jdk>
      </activation>

      <repositories>
        <repository>
	  <id>jdk14</id>
	  <name>Repository for JDK 1.4 builds</name>
	  <url>http://www.myhost.com/maven/jdk14</url>
	  <layout>default</layout>
	  <snapshotPolicy>always</snapshotPolicy>
	</repository>
      </repositories>
    </profile>
    -->

    <!--
     | Here is another profile, activated by the system property 'target-env' with a value of 'dev',
     | which provides a specific path to the Tomcat instance. To use this, your plugin configuration
     | might hypothetically look like:
     |
     | ...
     | <plugin>
     |   <groupId>org.myco.myplugins</groupId>
     |   <artifactId>myplugin</artifactId>
     |   
     |   <configuration>
     |     <tomcatLocation>${tomcatPath}</tomcatLocation>
     |   </configuration>
     | </plugin>
     | ...
     |
     | NOTE: If you just wanted to inject this configuration whenever someone set 'target-env' to
     |       anything, you could just leave off the <value/> inside the activation-property.
     |
    <profile>
      <id>env-dev</id>

      <activation>
        <property>
	  <name>target-env</name>
	  <value>dev</value>
	</property>
      </activation>

      <properties>
        <tomcatPath>/path/to/tomcat/instance</tomcatPath>
      </properties>
    </profile>
    -->
  </profiles>

  <!-- activeProfiles
   | List of profiles that are active for all builds.
   |
  <activeProfiles>
    <activeProfile>alwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile>
    <activeProfile>anotherAlwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile>
  </activeProfiles>
  -->
</settings>

3.安装MAVEN的eclispe插件，配置repo地址。
  * 还不能删除~home/.m2/settings.xml文件，否则插件用不起来。同样办法修改这个文件，让repo指定到上面那个地址。
4.未找到的jar安装方法，比如jta，这个包在官方的repo中一般都没有。自己找个来安装到本地的repo中。
    mvn install:install-file -DgroupId=javax.transaction -DartifactId=jta -Dversion=1.0.1B -Dpackaging=jar -Dfile=/path/to/file

5.私服建立,google:artifactory
6.checksum文件生成。

<target name="checksum" description="Generate checksum file for jar and pom">   
       <checksum algorithm="SHA" fileext=".sha1">   
           <fileset dir="d:/javalib" id="id"> <!--—-jar和pom所在目录 -->   
              <include name="**/*.pom" />   
              <include name="**/*.jar" />   
              <include name="**/*.xml" />   
              <exclude name="**/*.sh1" />   
           <!--</span-->fileset>   
       <!--</span-->checksum>   
<!--</span-->target> 

显示一个插件所有的goal
创建一个基于模版的项目，eclipse项目
//创建标准目录模板
mvn archetype:create -DgroupId=com.codeline.commons -DartifactId=codelineCommons
//创建web项目
mvn archetype:create -DgroupId=com.mycompany.app    -DartifactId=my-webapp       -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-web

查看一个插件所用的版本
mvn -Dplugin=groupId:artifactId help:describe
忽略编译test
mvn -Dmaven.test.skip=true
一个jar文件，它是maven的一个插件，怎么安装到本地库。
   mvn install:install-file
       -Dfile=<path-to-file>
    -DgroupId=<group-id>
    -DartifactId=<artifact-id>
    -Dversion=<version>
    -Dpackaging=<packaging>
    -DgeneratePom=true

maven的生命周期
    validate，验证工程是否正确，所有需要的资源是否可用。
    compile，编译项目的源代码。
    test-compile，编译项目测试代码。
    test，使用已编译的测试代码，测试已编译的源代码。
    package，已发布的格式，如jar，将已编译的源代码打包。
    integration-test，在集成测试可以运行的环境中处理和发布包。
    verify，运行任何检查，验证包是否有效且达到质量标准。
    install，把包安装在本地的repository中，可以被其他工程作为依赖来使用
   deploy，在整合或者发布环境下执行，将最终版本的包拷贝到远程的repository，使得其他的开发者或者工程可以共享。 
   generate-sources，产生应用需要的任何额外的源代码，如xdoclet。
Dependency Scope
compile，缺省值，适用于所有阶段，会随着项目一起发布。
provided，类似compile，期望JDK、容器或使用者会提供这个依赖。如servlet.jar。
runtime，只在运行时使用，如JDBC驱动，适用运行和测试阶段。
test，只在测试时使用，用于编译和运行测试代码。不会随项目发布。
system，类似provided，需要显式提供包含依赖的jar，Maven不会在Repository中查找它
eg：
<dependency>
    <groupId>hibernate</groupId>
    <artifactId>hibernate</artifactId>
    <version>3.0.3</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>